Ribosomes
Ribosomes are the smallest organelle in a cell, but they have a big job. They are made of two subunits, a large and a small, and they perform protein synthesis.
Protein synthesis is where RNA comes into a ribosome after copying DNA. There, the RNA's copy gets transformed into a protein when the specific order of amino acids is read. So, in short, ribosomes make all of the cell's proteins, which are needed to do everything in the cell.
Ribosomes are first made in the nucleus, but they can be found on the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) and freely floating around in the cell's cytoplasm. Ribosomes work with every organelle in the cell due to their making of proteins, which are needed to build everything.
Protein synthesis is where RNA comes into a ribosome after copying DNA. There, the RNA's copy gets transformed into a protein when the specific order of amino acids is read. So, in short, ribosomes make all of the cell's proteins, which are needed to do everything in the cell.
Ribosomes are first made in the nucleus, but they can be found on the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) and freely floating around in the cell's cytoplasm. Ribosomes work with every organelle in the cell due to their making of proteins, which are needed to build everything.
Rough Endoplasmic Riticulum (Rough ER)
The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) is found in the cytoplasm, branching off of the nuclear envelope. It is a complex network of tubes and sacks, which are all enclosed in a phospholipid bi-layer membrane. The rough ER is studded with many ribosomes and it is the site of protein synthesis. The rough ER also attaches things to proteins and is the main source of transportation of proteins from the ribosomes to the Golgi body, where they will be shipped all around the cell. They could also be shipped straight from the rough ER to the cell membrane, where the proteins can be shipped out of the cell.
The rough ER is part of a system of producing, packaging, and shipping with the cell membrane or possibly the Golgi body. The rough ER is the start of the process with the making of the proteins and shipping them along the line to the Golgi body.
The rough ER is part of a system of producing, packaging, and shipping with the cell membrane or possibly the Golgi body. The rough ER is the start of the process with the making of the proteins and shipping them along the line to the Golgi body.
Smooth Edoplasmic Riticulum (Smooth ER)
The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) is like the rough ER. It is a network of tubes and channels that are surrounded by a phospholipid membrane. But, the big difference between rough ER and smooth ER is that the smooth ER has absolutely NO ribosomes. Because of the lack of ribosomes, the smooth ER is not involved with protein synthesis. Instead, it's involved with lipid synthesis. During lipid synthesis, the smooth ER can package lipids and attach things to them that need to be sent out elsewhere in the cell. It can even modify the rough ER's proteins. The smooth ER also breaks down toxins, such as alcohol, and regulates the body's calcium level as part of its functions or jobs.
The smooth ER works with the Golgi apparatus and some of the rough ER. It ships packaged lipids to the Golgi and can even modify some rough ER proteins before shipping them to the Golgi as well.
The smooth ER works with the Golgi apparatus and some of the rough ER. It ships packaged lipids to the Golgi and can even modify some rough ER proteins before shipping them to the Golgi as well.
The Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Body)
The Golgi apparatus is the final stop for a protein or packaged lipid sent from the Smooth and Rough ERs. The Golgi is a bunch of flat membranes called cisternae and it looks a little like a stack of pancakes. At the top of this "stack" is the cist- face. It is the receiver of proteins and lipids being sent to the Golgi. Then, after transferring all the way through the "stack", the modified proteins or lipids reaches the trans-face, or the transport vessel of the Golgi, where it finally gets shipped out one last time to either a different part of the cell, or to the cell membrane.
The Golgi's function, if not concluded already, is to modify and package proteins and lipids. It works with the Smooth and Rough ERs to do this, since they make and package the proteins and lipids before they even reach the Golgi.
The Golgi's function, if not concluded already, is to modify and package proteins and lipids. It works with the Smooth and Rough ERs to do this, since they make and package the proteins and lipids before they even reach the Golgi.